Peer-Reviewed Publications

1. Hailong Li, X-S. Chai, Nikolai DeMartini, Huaiyu Zhan, Shiyu Fu, Determination of oxalate in black liquor by headspace gas chromatography, Journal of Chromatography A, 1192 (2008) 208–211.



2. Tu, Qiliang, Fu, Shiyu, Zhan, Huaiyu, X-S. Chai, Lucia, Lucian A., Kinetic modeling of formic acid pulping of bagasse, JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 56:9, 3097-3101, 2008  



3. Huang XianNan, Huang YanGui, X-S. Chai, Wei Wei,  Study of adsorption kinetics for fluorescent whitening agent on fiber surfaces, SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES B-CHEMISTRY, 51: 5, 473-478, 2008  



4. X-S. Chai, J. Samp, Q. X. Hou, S.-H. Yoon, and J. Y. Zhu, Possible Mechanism for Anthraquinone Species Diffusion in Alkaline Pulping, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2007, 46, 5245-5249



5. X.-S. Chai, J.C. Samp, Corrosion problem in headspace gas chromatography with phase reaction conversion technique，J. Chromatogr. A 1157 (2007) 477–479.



6. Li, Hailong, Zhan, Huaiyu, Fu, Shiyu, Liu, Mengru, Chai, Xin-Sheng,  Rapid determination of methanol in black liquors by full evaporation headspace gas chromatography,  JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A, 1175: 1, 133-136, 2007  



7. Xin-Sheng Chai and Sung-Hoon Yoon，UV Spectroscopic Monitoring Method for Real-Time Wet-End Control of Polymeric Adsorption in Aqueous Fibrous Suspensions, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., Vol. 13(2), (2007) 244-249



8. X.-S. Chai, D.C. Zhang, Q.X. Hou, Sung-Hoon Yoon, Spectrophotometric Determination of Reducing Aldehyde Groups in Bleached Chemical Pulps, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., Vol. 13, (2007)



9. Sung-Hoon Yoon and Xin-Sheng Chai, Retention Rate Phenomena for Polyamide-epichorohydrin Polymer in Papermaking Fibrous Colloidal Suspension， J. Ind. Eng. Chem., Vol. 13( 2), (2007) 237-243



10. D. C. Zhang, and J. Hsieh, X.-S. Chai, A. J. Ragauskas, Experimental and Modeling of Carbonate Formation in the Effluent of Oxygen Delignification, AIChE J., 53(3), 669-677, 2007



11. D.C. Zhang, Xin-Sheng Chai, Y.Q. Pu, A. J. Ragauskas, Lignocellulosic fiber charge enhancement by catalytic oxidation during oxygen delignification, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 306 (2007) 248–254.



12.  Zhang, D. C., Pu, Y., Courchene, C. E., Chai, X.-S., Ragauskas, A. J.,  Total fibre charge of fully bleached SW kraft pulps: A comparative study, JOURNAL OF PULP AND PAPER SCIENCE, 32: 4, 231-237, 2006  



13. Sung-Hoon Yoon and Xin-Sheng Chai, Adsorption Kinetics for Polymeric Additives in Papermaking Aqueous Fibrous Media by UV Spectroscopic Analysis, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 27(11), 1819-1824, 2006.



14. X.-S. Chai, J. Samp, H.N. Song, H.X. Zhu, Novel headspace gas chromatographic method for determination of oxalate in oxygen delignification liquor，J. Chromatogr. A, 1122，209–214，2006.



15. X.-S. Chai, J.C. Samp, Q.F. Yang, H.N. Song, D. Zhang, and J.Y. Zhu, Determination of Microstickies in Recycled Whitewater by Headspace Gas Chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 1108, 14-19, 2006.



16. X-S. Chai, J. Samp, Q.X. Hou, Novel mechanism for the Nafion membrane transfer of anthraquinones, Journal of Membrane Science, 271, 215–220, 2006.



17. X.-S. Chai, F.J. Schork and E.M. Oliver, ATR-UV Monitoring of Methyl Methacrylate Miniemulsion Polymerization for Determination of Monomer Conversion, J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 99(4) 1471-1475, 2006.



18. Q.X. Hou, X.-S. Chai, R. Yang, T. Elder, A.J. Ragauska, Characterization of Lignocellulosic-Polylactic Acid Reinforced Composites, J. Applied Polymer Science, 99(4) 1346-1349, 2006.



19. X-S. Chai, Q.X. Hou, and F.J. Schork, Determination of Solubility of Monomer in Water by Multiple Headspace Extraction Gas Chromatography, J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 99(3), 1296-1301, 2006.



20. X-S. Chai, Q.X. Hou, and F.J. Schork, Determination of the methyl methacrylate monomer in its polymer latex by headspace gas chromatography, J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 99, 392-397, 2006.



21. Dongcheng Zhang, Yunqiao Pu, Xin-Sheng Chai, Ved Naithani, Hasan Jameel and Arthur Ragauskas, Elucidating carboxylic acid profile for extended oxygen delignification of high-kappa softwood kraft pulp, Holzforschung, 60, 123-129, 2006.



22. X.-S. Chai, R.W. Maurer, J.S. Hsieh, Q.X. Hou, D.C. Zhang and S.F. Wang, An Improved and Practical Headspace Gas Chromatographic Method for Determination Carboxyl Groups Content in Wood Fibers, Industrial Engineering and Chemistry Research, 44, 10013-10015, 2005.



23. Dongcheng Zhang,  X.-S. Chai, Qingxi Hou, Arthur Ragauskas, Characterization of fiber carboxylic acid development during one-stage oxygen delignification, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 44,9279-9285, 2005.



24. X.-S. Chai, R.W. Maurer, J.S. Hsieh, D. Zhang and S. F. Wang, Determination of Acidic and Basic Species by Headspace Gas Chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 1093, 212–216, 2005.



25. X.-S. Chai, F. J. Schork, Anthony DeCinque and Karl Wilson, The Measurement of the Solubilities of Vinylic Monomers in Water, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44, 5256-5258, 2005



26. X.-S. Chai, Hou, Q.X., C.L. Verrill, Rapid Determination of Total Dissolved Solids in Black Liquors by ATR-UV/VIS Spectroscopy, J. Pulp & Paper Sci.,31(2), 81-84,2005.



27. X.-S. Chai, Falabella J., Teja A. S.  A relative headspace method for Henry's constants of volatile organic compounds, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 231(2), 239-245, 2005.



28. X.-S. Chai, F. J. Schork, Anthony and DeCinque, A Simplified Multiple Headspace Extraction GC Technique for Determination of Monomer Solubility in Water, J. Chromatogr. A,1070(1-2), 225-229, 2005.



29. Zhu, J.Y.and X-S. Chai, Some Recent Developments in Headspace Gas Chromatography, Current Analytical Chemistry, 1 (1), 79-83, 2005.



30. X-S. Chai, Q.X. Hou, and F.J. Schork, Determination of Residual Monomer in Polymer Latex by Full Evaporation Headspace Gas Chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 1040/2, 163-167, 2004.



31. X-S. Chai, Q.X. Hou, Q. Luo, and J.Y. Zhu, Rapid Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide in Pulp Bleaching Streams by a Dual-Wavelength Spectroscopic Method, Anal. Chimica. Acta, 507/2, 281-284, 2004.



32. S-Y. Fu, X-S. Chai, Q.X. Hou, and L. Lucia, A Chemical Basis for a Selectivity Threshold to the Oxygen Delignification of Kraft Softwood Fiber as Supported by the Use of Chemical Selectivity Agents, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 43(10), 2291-2295, 2004.



33. X-S. Chai, Q.X. Hou, J.Y. Zhu, S.L. Chen, S.F. Wang and L. Lucia, Carboxyl Groups in Wood FiberS: Part I: Determination of Content of Carboxyl Groups in Pulps by Headspace Gas Chromatography, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 42, 5440-5444, 2003.



34. X-S. Chai, Q.X. Hou, and J.Y. Zhu, Carboxyl Groups in Wood FiberS: Part II. The Fate of Carboxyl Groups during Alkaline Delignification, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 42, 5445-5449, 2003.



35. X.T. Yang, X-S. Chai, Q.X. Hou, J.Y. Zhu, and L-G. Danielsson, Determination of Anthraquinone in Alkaline Pulping Liquor Using a Nafion Membrane, J. Pulp & Paper Sci., 29(9), 299-302, 2003.



36. X-S. Chai, and J.Y. Zhu, Solubility Determination for Inorganic Salts by Headspace Gas Chromatographic Method, J. Chromatogr. A, 996 (1-2), 157-161, 2003.



37. X-S. Chai, Q. Luo, J.Y. Zhu and J. Li, On-line Analysis of EA, Sulfide And Dissolved Lignin during Kraft Pulping Process by Attenuated Total Reflection UV Spectroscopy, J. Pulp & Paper Sci., 29(6), 204-207, 2003.



38. Sung-Hoon Yoon, X-S. Chai, Junyong Zhu, Byong-Hyun Kim and Byoung-Kyu Song, In-Digester Demethylation Kinetics for VOC/TRS Formation during the Kraft Pulping of Loblolly Pine, Korean Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 9(2), 125-133, 2003.



39. X-S. Chai, Luo, Q., and Zhu, J.Y., Minor Sources of Carbonate in Alkaline Process, J. Pulp & Paper Sci., 29 (2), 59-63, 2003.



40. X-S. Chai, Q.X. Hou, J.Y. Zhu, and W. Ban, On-Line Analysis of Effective Alkali, Sulfide, And Dissolved Lignin during Kraft Pulping by ATR-FIA Method, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 42, 254-258, 2003.



41. X-S. Chai and Zhu, J.Y., Erratum to “Indirect Headspace Gas Chromatographic Method for Vapor-Liquid Phase Equilibrium Study” [Journal of Chromatography A, 799/1-2, 207-214, 1998], J. Chromatogr. A, 1020, 283-284, 2003.



42. X.T. Yang, X-S. Chai, Q.X. Hou, and J.Y. Zhu, and L-G. Danielsson, Determination of Anthraquinone-2-Sulfonate in Alkaline Pulping Liquor by Spectrophotometry using A Nafion Membrane Interface, Anal. Chimica. Acta, 474/1-2, 69-76, 2002.



43. X-S. Chai, Luo, Q. and Zhu, J.Y., Multiple Headspace Extraction-Gas Chromatographic Method for the Study of Process Kinetics, J. Chromatogr. A, 946(1-2), 177-183, 2002.



44. X-S. Chai, and Zhu, J.Y., Simultaneous Analysis of Sulfide, Hydroxide, and Carbonate by ATR-UV Spectroscopy during Borate Autocausticizing Mill Trials, Process Control and Quality, 11(6), 531-538, 2002.



45. X-S. Chai, Zhu, J.Y., and Li, J., Simultaneous and Rapid Analysis of Hydroxide, Sulfide, and Carbonate in Kraft Liquors by UV-Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy”, J. Pulp & Paper Sci., 28(4), 105-109, 2002.



46. X-S. Chai, Zhu, J.Y., and Li, J., An ATR-UV Sensor for Simultaneous Online Monitoring of Sulfide, Hydroxide, and Carbonate in Kraft Mill Recausticizing Operations, J. Pulp & Paper Sci., 28(4), 110-114, 2002.



47. J.Y. Zhu, X-S. Chai, X.J. Pan, Q. Luo, and J. Li, Quantification and Reduction of Organic Sulfur Compound Formation in a Commercial Wood Pulping Process, Environ Sci. & Techno., 36(10), 2269-2272, 2002.



48. X-S. Chai and Zhu, J.Y., Application of Headspace Gas Chromatography in the Pulp and Paper Industry, in Recent Research Development in Analytical Chemistry, Transworld Research Network, 61-75, ISBN: 81-86846-95-6, India, 2001.



49. Yoon, S.-H., X-S. Chai, Zhu, J.Y., Li, J., and Malcolm, E.W., In-Digester Odor Reduction in Kraft Pulping," Advances Environ. Res., 5(1), 91, 2001.



50. X-S. Chai, Luo, Q. and Zhu, J.Y., Analysis of Nonvolatile Species in Complex Matrices by Headspace Gas Chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 909(2), 249, 2001.



51. X-S. Chai, Zhu, J.Y., and Li, J., A Simple and Rapid Method to Determine Hexenuronic Acid Groups in Chemical Pulps, J. Pulp & Paper Sci. 27(5), 165-170, 2001.



52. Y.X. Gu, L. Edwards, Zhu, J.Y., X-S. Chai, Cluster Rule VOC Simulation: Part 2. Kraft Mill Methanol Generation Models, TAPPI, 84(4), 62, 2001.



53. Y.X. Gu, L. Edwards, Zhu, J.Y., X-S. Chai, and P.H. Liu, Cluster Rule VOC Simulation: Part 3. Kraft Mill Methanol Equilibrium Calculations, TAPPI, 84(4), 62, 2001.



54. Teja, A.S., Gupta, A.K., Bullock, K.R., X-S. Chai, and Zhu, J.Y., Henry's Constants of Methanol in Aqueous Systems containing Salts, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 185, 265-274, 2001.



55. X-S. Chai, Yoon, S.-H., Zhu, J.Y., Li, J., The Fate of Hexenuronic Acid Groups during Pine Alkaline Pulping, J. Pulp & Paper Sci., 27(12), 407-411, 2001.



56. X-S. Chai, Q. Luo, Yoon, S.-H., Zhu, J.Y., and Li, J., The Fate of Hexenuronic Acid Groups during Hardwoods Kraft Pulping, J. Pulp & Paper Sci., 27(12),403-406, 2001.



57. X-S. Chai and Zhu, J.Y., Author's Response to the Letter to the Editor, J. Pulp & Paper Sci., 27(4), 2, 2001.



58. L-G Danielsson, Xiaotian Yang and X-S. Chai, On-Line Spectroscopy for Study of the Electrochemical Polysulfide Production, AT-PROCESSSM, Vol. V (3-4), 155, 2000.



59. X-S. Chai, Liu, P.H., and Zhu, J.Y., Analysis of Volatile Organic Sulfur Compounds in Kraft Liquors by Full Evaporation Headspace Gas Chromatography, J. Pulp & Paper Sci., 26(5), 167-172, 2000.



60. Gupta, A.K., Teja, A., X-S. Chai, and Zhu, J.Y., Henry's Constants of n-Alkanols in Water at Temperatures between 40 C and 90 C, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 170, 183-192, 2000.



61. J.Y. Zhu, Liu, P.H., X-S. Chai, K.R. Bullock and Teja, A., Henry's Law Constant of Methanol in Pulping Spent Liquor, Environ Sci. & Techno., 34(9), 1742-1746, 2000.



62. Zhu, J.Y., Yoon, S.-H., Liu, P.-H., and X-S. Chai, Methanol Formation in Alkaline Wood Pulping, Tappi J, 83(7), 65, 2000.



63. X-S. Chai, Luo, Q., Zhu, J.Y., A Simple and Practical Kappa Test Method for Process Control in Pulp Production, Process Control and Quality, 11(5), 407, 2000.



64. J.Y. Zhu and X-S. Chai, Factors affecting the Partitioning of Methanol Vapor-Liquid Phases in Black Liquors, TAPPI Journal, 8(2),123, 1999. 



65. J.Y. Zhu, X-S. Chai, and Bindu Dhasmana, Formation Behaviours of VOC During Pulping, J. Pulp & Paper Sci., 25:7, 256-263, 1999.



66. X-S. Chai, and Zhu, J.Y., Rapid and Direct Pulp Kappa Number Determination Using Spectrophotometry, J. Pulp & Paper Sci. 25:11, 387-392, 1999.



67. Zhu, J.Y. and X-S. Chai, Automation in Determining Solute Content and Henry’s constant by Multiple Extraction Headspace Gas Chromatography, American Laboratory News, 31(8), 28-30C, 1999.



68. X-S. Chai, and Zhu, J.Y., Rapid Pulp Kappa Number Determination Using Spectrophotometry, Process Control News (for the Pulp and Paper Industries), 19, (10) 2, 1999.



69. X-S. Chai, L-G Danielsson, Xiaotian Yang and Mårten Behm, Spectrophotometric in-line process monitoring in UV-Vis range using an ATR-probe, Process Control and Quality, 11 (2), 153-159, 1998.



70. X-S. Chai, Bindu Dhasmana and Junyong Zhu, Determination of Liquid VOC Content in Kraft-Mill Effluent by Headspace Gas Chromatography, Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 24:2, J50-54, 1998.



71. X-S. Chai, and Junyong Zhu, An Indirect Headspace Gas Chromatographic Method for Vapor-Liquid Phase Equilibrium Study, Journal of Chromatography A, 799/1-2, 207-214, 1998.



72. Junyong Zhu, X-S. Chai, and Bindu Dhasmana, Development of a Database for VOC Emission Prediction in Kraft Mills Using Headspace Gas Chromatography, AIChE Symposium Series: Innovative Advances in the Forest Products Industries, 319, 165-171, 1998.



73. X-S. Chai, and J.Y. Zhu, Simultaneous Measurements of Solute Content and Henry’s Constant by Multiple Headspace Extraction Gas Chromatography, Analytical Chemistry, 70(16), 3481, 1998.



74. Xin-Sheng Chai, Process Analytical Chemistry Applied to Liquors in the Pulping Industry, Doctoral Thesis, ISBN 91-7170-653-4, KTH Hogskoletryckeriet, Stockholm, Sweden, 1996.



75. X-S. Chai, and L-G Danielsson, Approaches to in-line removal of dissolved oxygen in flow systems for process analysis, Analytica Chimica Acta 332 (1996) 31-38.



76. L-G Danielsson , X-S. Chai, Mårten Behm and Lars Renberg,UV characterization of sulphide-polysulphide solutions and its application for process monitoring in the electrochemical production of polysulfides, Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 22:6 (1996) J187-191.



77. X-S. Chai, and L-G Danielsson, Process monitoring during electrochemical production of polysulfides by on-line FIA using a capillary flow-through cell, Process Control and Quality, 8 (1996) 159-166.



78. L-G Danielsson, X-S. Chai, Bofeng Mao and Nils Hartler, On-line monitoring of hydrogen sulphide ions during kraft pulping, Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 22:7 (1996) J264-269.



79. Bofeng Mao, X-S. Chai, L-G Danielsson and Nils Hartler, Continuously on-line determination of concentrations of hydrogen sulfide ions and dissolved lignin in kraft cooking liquor, Nordic Paper and Pulp research J. 11:4 (1996) 266-272.



80. L-G Danielsson and X-S. Chai, Spectroscopic measurements in opaque solutions. UV-VIS spectroscopy on process liquors in the paper and pulp industries. Process Control and Quality, 6 (1994) 149-157.



81. L-G Danielsson and X-S. Chai, Monitoring Sulfur Species in the Kraft Process Using a Membrane Interface. Process Control and Quality, 3 (1992) 29-34.

• Book Chapter:
  X-S. Chai and Zhu, J.Y., Application of Headspace Gas Chromatography in the Pulp and Paper Industry, in Recent Research Development in Analytical Chemistry, Transworld Research Network, 61-75, ISBN: 81-86846-95-6, India, 2001.